Source: unsplash.com – Drew Jemmet

If you don't like the taste of plain water, tea is another healthy beverage alternative. There are numerous studies that demonstrate the health benefits of drinking tea and it's still a nice refresher whether it's hot or cold. While green tea is becoming increasingly popular, oolong is a spectacular alternative that can also benefit your health.

What is Oolong tea?

Oolong tea is a traditional Chinese tea produced from a plant called Camellia sinensis, which is known to also produce green and black tea. The distinction lies in the way the tea is prepared. Oolong tea, like black and green tea, provides a variety of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Although all authentic tea originates from the same plant, the harvesting and processing methods differ. Black tea is

completely fermented, whereas oolong tea is only partially fermented.

What’s the benefit of this tea?

Assists in boosting your metabolism which promotes weight loss

Oolong tea boosts your metabolism for up to two hours after you consume it, which would help you burn fat faster. Oolong also comprises polyphenols, which can inhibit fat-producing enzymes. This indicates that oolong tea can help with weight loss if you don't add any processed sugar or artificial sweeteners to it. If you prefer sweet tea, try adding a little bit of pure honey, stevia, or agave syrup—all of which are low-glycaemic-index sweeteners.

Lower the risk of cancer

There is a well-established association between tea consumption and a reduced risk of cancer. This is

because the presence of polyphenol in oolong tea causes apoptosis which would destroy any cancer cell growth. This polyphenolic compound can also be used as a chemo preventive tool to help prevent the development of other malignancies.

Increases your alertness

Source: unsplash.com – Rajat Sarki

As oolong tea also has caffeine, this soothing hot beverage is proven to improve cognitive alertness and performance. If you're sensitive to caffeine, try to stick to one lightly brewed cup of oolong tea per day or several times per week.

Encourages hair growth

Oolong tea can help prevent any unwanted hair loss due to its high level of antioxidant contents. All you have to do is just simply make a tea rinse out of all the leaves and rinse your scalp with water. As a result, your hair will appear thicker and shinier. Another best part of this is that it could also soften and make your hair look more radiant and healthier.

Reduces dental plaque and help prevent tooth decay

Consuming oolong tea before and after a meal may aid in the maintenance of healthy teeth. Fluoride is found in oolong tea, which effectively prevents tooth decay. Fluoride is a component found in water and most meals that helps to restore tooth enamel. It's a popular ingredient in toothpaste. The tea can also keep you from getting cavities by decreasing the acidity and managing all the bacteria in your mouth.

The best way to make oolong tea?

Source: pexels.com – Evalina Zhu

Fill a tea kettle halfway with water and heat it on the stove to approximately 200°F. If you do not own a thermometer to measure the temperature, just boil the water normally and set it aside for at least 2 minutes. Alternatively, you could also pour some ready-made hot water from your water dispenser.
Fill the teapot or cup with a bit of boiling water to heat the cup. Dump away the water after the pot or cup is warm enough. Use around 1 teaspoon of oolong tea if the tea is rolled into balls or 2 tablespoons if it is made up of large and open leaves.
Place the tea leaves straight in the pot or cup and pour some of the hot water. Afterwards, cover the teapot with a lid and let it sit for about 1 to 5 minutes depending on the types of tea you’re using. It takes less time for the tea to infuse if you use leaf-style tea instead of rolled-style. After 1 minute of letting it seep, taste the tea once in a while till it's up to your preference.
Remove the leaves as soon as the tea is ready with a strainer and serve with your favorite cup.

A recent health scare that left me hospitalized a few months ago ended up having a side effect that I did not anticipate and ironically had even hoped for a very long time. Before you let your imaginations run wild, allow me to just lay it out on the table – I lost over six kilograms in just over a fortnight, a feat that I probably could not accomplish over the last six years.

Being slightly less obese than usual should have been a cause for celebration, right? It was not. There were days when I could feel my limbs trembling just doing basic household chores like lifting a bucket of water. Cooking a simple omelette would leave me exhausted and hunting for the bed to take a break and lie down.

Yes, other organs and even my immunity were affected by the disease but my muscle health took a major beating during that fortnight. There was visible loss of muscle mass as well as strength and the challenge for me now lay in not simply regaining my lost weight but instead strengthening myself both from within as well as outside.

As we age, we need to take extra care of our nutrition

The reality is that our muscles are often older than we are, ageing more rapidly. Muscles account for 60 percent of our body’s protein stores and progressive loss of muscle mass and strength – medically termed sarcopenia – can result in increased likelihoods of adverse outcomes ranging from physical disabilities to poor quality of life. As you can imagine, this gets worse as one ages making it essential that one focuses more acutely on their nutritional intake with age in India. A health scare can compromise one’s immunity as well as weaken these muscles further.

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There are multiple aspects to staying ahead of the ravages of ageing and muscle mass loss. In my case, the focus in the days following my discharge from the hospital were on maintaining an active lifestyle, doing quite a bit of resistance exercise and most importantly, altering my diet to include a better protein rich diet while also keeping in mind the need for other nutrients that aid in muscle and immunity building. For me as well as colleagues of mine who contracted the same illness, this involved adding supplements like Ensure to our daily diet, knowing that it provided over 32 nutrients including not just proteins but also calcium, Vitamins A,C,E & D, folic acid, selenium, iron and manganese.

What was the end result of struggling so hard to ensure the right balanced diet and supplements were a part of my diet, you may ask?

Well, I joined back at work (yes, into the very same ICU where I got the dreaded disease from) a lot earlier than anyone expected me to, for starters. While I have not gained the lost weight, my muscle mass has increased and I feel healthier within too. More importantly, I do not feel exhausted even after a gruelling night shift and have not picked up secondary illnesses in the months since.

We can neither stop the ageing process nor completely avoid getting diseases in our lifetime. But what we can do is provide ourselves with the best fighting chance to not just survive but stay strong both mentally as well as physically as the years go by.

Take the muscle age test to check your muscle age today.

What a year it has been!

Our lives have been altered over the course of the last year and half in ways none of us imagined when we entered the new decade. Every aspect of our former lives – from our busy work schedules and grocery shopping to basic things like our children getting dressed and going to school – has been turned on its head and we have, in many ways, gotten used to this new lifestyle routine too.

Some things though must remain constant. Maintaining proper hygiene, eating well and studying come to mind for children. In the same way, getting your child vaccinated this year is your responsibility and it is one you cannot afford to ignore right now.

It is easy to think of the corona virus when we discuss vaccinations but no, I am referring to the annual flu vaccine that is due around this time of the year.

Transmitted easily through the air up to a distance of six feet when an infected person sneezes, influenza can present with fever, chills, headache and generalized body ache. Up until a year ago, people would mistake the early symptoms of this disease for the common cold but now, our minds would definitely wander to far more grave conclusions in the post-corona era.

Either way, do not take this virus lightly. It has been around us for far longer and has resulted in significant annual morbidities and mortalities. There are over 30 to 50 lakh cases of severe episodes (8 lakh being children under the age of 5 years) of influenza with nearly 2.9 – 6.5 lakh people dying of this disease every single year. The infection tends to be worse in countries like ours that have tropical climates, often present throughout the year.

The good news for parents is that vaccines are already available for the flu. However, this being a virus, mutations tend to occur regularly and hence the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System5 (GISRS) monitors the influenza virus across the world and keeps updating the composition of the vaccines twice a year so that they are effective against the new strains.

Right flu vaccine, at the right time

As per WHO, India is categorised under Southern Hemisphere Tropical Asia Vaccination zone. The best time to vaccinate is during the monsoon.

The WHO has recommended that the Southern Hemisphere (SH) vaccine is the ideal vaccine for India. Influenza vaccination is most effective when local circulating viruses are well-matched with vaccine antigens for SH. Since the peak season of flu in the larger part of the country starts between mid-summer to monsoons, now is the right time to vaccinate against flu for effective protection.

Flu vaccine should be taken annually. However, getting vaccinated early for subsequent seasons is likely to be associated with reduced protection against flu infection later in the flu season, particularly among older adults says CDC. Protection fades over time, so not getting vaccinated with the vaccine containing the right seasonal strains may leave one more vulnerable. Vaccination can be done throughout the SH flu season, into September or later.

This is why yearly flu shot is beneficial in India. As the restrictions across the country eases and the children come out of their houses once more, they are at a high risk of being exposed to the virus. Yes, we can inculcate the importance of social distancing and wearing a mask at all times but their young minds in the end are just delighted to be finally reunited with their friends after all this time apart.

The responsibility of ensuring they are safe thus is upon us as parents. Vaccinating your child and encouraging parents of other children to do the same ensures all the children remain protected from the worst effects of the virus this year while also providing protection to those around them, including adults, who may have been living with conditions like diabetes and asthma.

It is up to us to prevent what can be prevented. We have truly learned the importance of this fact over the last year. Now, it is time to apply it in real life. So, pick up the phone and contact your paediatrician to get your child’s annual flu vaccine at the earliest.

We must #PreventWhatCanBePrevented because flu is preventable with vaccination.

Not a month goes by since I started working as an anaesthesiologist over a decade ago that an article about a case of medical negligence does not cross my timeline. The rise of social media over these years has resulted in a complimentary rise in the number of articles and events that now come before us, offering us a huge gamut of tragic deaths and complications across hospitals not just in India, but across the globe.

One thing that does stand out though is how in India the emotional aspect of the news article (and these days, social media post, I guess) often cloaks the factual aspects of the case. Yes, in almost every case, there is a death involved of a loved one but to assign the words “medical negligence” to every case is not just superfluous but as the years have gone by, extremely detrimental to future patients as well.

In this article, I will try to help you understand the difference in simple terms between medical negligence and medical/surgical complications and why not knowing the difference between the two can have a horrible impact for your loved ones.

Medical Negligence vs Known Complications: Understand the Difference

What Constitutes Medical Negligence

When a patient comes to a hospital or doctor, they expect

to receive medical treatment befitting the skill and knowledge of the concerned doctors and healthcare workers and secondly,
that there will be no harm done to them due to carelessness, reckless decisions or negligent behaviour of the staff in the hospital.

Failure of the hospital to provide this care constitutes medical negligence.

Some examples to help you understand include:

The infamous incident of a doctor operating on the wrong side of the brain of Mrs Rajeshwari Ayyappan, the mother of the deceased Indian actress Sridevi back in 1995 was a clear-cut case of medical negligence, what we know as ‘res ipsa loquitor’ – the facts speak for themselves.

An intoxicated doctor performing a surgery even if the operation goes well,
a surgeon leaving a foreign object inside the body during a surgery,
a doctor administering the wrong medication to the patient.
Even a medical professional providing a healthcare service he is not trained for (for example, a quack doing a surgery) is a case of medical negligence.

Even though in all the examples above, nobody died, yet there was an obvious dereliction of duty involved. These are all cases of medical negligence.

What needs to be proved in medical negligence is that no doctor in his/her ordinary senses would have performed or omitted to perform the act resulting in the deterioration.

What about when there are multiple therapeutic options available for the doctor but the one he/she chooses results in the deterioration of the patient? It is important you realize that this is NOT medical negligence.

An error in judgment on the part of the doctor is NOT medical negligence.

Known Complications a.k.a. the Value of Consent

What actually happens when a patient goes in for a surgery and comes out with new complications or worse, dies after the surgery. The surgery definitely had a role in the deterioration of the condition so does this constitute medical negligence?

This is where the term “consent” – one of the most important terms in the modern-day doctor-patient relationship comes into play. A consent is often both verbal as well as written (for medico-legal purposes) and involves the doctor explaining what they intend to do as well as what are the possible complications because of this surgery.

In an elective surgery, the patient has every right to object and say no after hearing the complications.
For me as an anaesthesiologist, a patient has every right to refuse spinal anaesthesia or an upper limb block if they have apprehensions for the same. In an emergency, things may not be so clear cut with surrogate consent (consent signed by a guardian) coming into the equation if the patient is not physically or mentally able to understand.
When it is an abdominal surgery, the surgeon explains that there is a likelihood of there being pain, adhesions or infections in the post-operative period which could result in complications in the future.
An obstetrician will explain the possibility of there being excessive bleeding after delivery of a baby following a caesarean section if the uterus remains flabby.
For us anaesthesiologists, complications following general anaesthesia can range from a sore throat to actual cardiac arrest during surgeries.
Working in the ICU, I am obligated to inform and take the consent of the guardian when I do an advanced procedure, from placing the patient on ventilatory support to inserting a central line.

If adequate care was maintained during all the above procedures and appropriate clinical skills were used with the aim of saving/healing the patient and yet a complication - or even death - occurs, they are NOT cases of medical negligence.

To quote from the Supreme Court judgment of Kusum Sharma vs Batra Hospital (a case where the patient’s condition deteriorated significantly post-surgery resulting eventually in death),

“The medical professional is often called upon to adopt a procedure which involves higher element of risk, but which he honestly believes as providing greater chances of success for the patient rather than a procedure involving lesser risk but higher chances of failure.

Just because a professional looking to the gravity of illness has taken higher element of risk to redeem the patient out of his/her suffering which did not yield the desired result may not amount to negligence.”

You see, the final outcome - a dead patient or a botched surgical job, though obviously visible to the naked eye - is not what determines the term 'Medical Negligence'.

Impact of Calling Medical Complications as Cases of Medical Negligence

In India, especially in this country which wears its emotions on its sleeves, the heart-breaking wails of the bereaved and the vicious growls of the enraged are sounds that have echoed through the walls of every single hospital – from primary to tertiary care.

Violence against healthcare workers, though not new, is now more frequent and visual, thanks to the ‘boon’ of social media. It ignores the distinct line between medical negligence and known complications, choosing indignation and retribution over a calm, understanding approach. Prolonged legal cases and social ignominy invariably ensures that though the law is with the doctor both in terms of the case as well as the violence that followed, in the end, it is he who looks to settle.

Doctors are not looking to harm patients. We get nothing out of it (if you don’t count the assaults). Complications definitely occur, though. In a country like ours with frugal healthcare resources be it doctors, hospitals, beds, ICUs or ventilators, there will always be losses that could have been avoidable in more healthcare-friendly nations. And yes, the loved ones suffer the worst loss but it is wrong to assume that the doctor does not carry the weight of the patients he could not heal.

Yes, we smile remembering the difficult cases we successfully handled but in quieter tones as the day ends, our minds fall back to the ones we could not save. The ‘what ifs’ and ‘if onlys’ and ‘I should haves’ remain, festering wounds that never heal. Just as a single insult outweighs a hundred compliments, we relive a single death over the joy of aiding a dozen recovering patients.

The impact of claiming medical negligence for every complication and leaving it upon the doctor to fend for all the brickbats in the media, social media and society goes well beyond the individual doctor.

I spoke about it years ago (in an article "Who Tends to the Healer's Scars" that for awhile was in the Huffington Post) and it remains relevant today.

In a nutshell, if I see that a doctor in Kanpur is beaten up by a mob following the occurrence of a known complication after a procedure and know he/she received no justice, then even though I – here in Kerala - am skilled in performing the same procedure and have done it a 100 times before, the next time I will hesitate. “Is it worth the risk of violence or legal cases” will float around ominously in my mind as I consider driving the patient away to a higher center away from me.

Who is the loser in the end here? Not you, right?

Unfortunately, that is myopic thinking. Because irrespective of how fit you and your loved ones are today, a medical emergency can happen to anyone of us. And at that time, the actions of a violent mob in Kanpur could be the reason why a hospital near you today chooses not to admit you but refers you elsewhere. The loss – precious time, higher expenses, even life – is invariably yours.

The doctor-patient relationship is a fractured bone in India.

It has been for long. The path to uniting it – if that is what you desire – lies, as it always does, in education. Educate yourself and understand the difference between a known medical complication and medical negligence.

If instead, you choose the emotional gratification of revenge and violence against a healthcare worker for not giving you a 100 percent perfect result or for the loss of a loved one - if the satisfaction of destroying the career of a doctor is all that matters - as we are seeing in India every day, understand that just as it emboldens others across India every day to be violent against doctors in their hometown, so too the converse – it discourages doctors every day too from taking risky patients.

That scenario - the path India has confidently been walking along for over a tragic decade and more now - sadly will never end well.

Low physical activity and stress is a worldwide problem. It is particularly acute in a developing nation like India where lifestyle is changing at a fast pace and people are relatively less conscious about their health.

In the current times, people are stressed as the fear of contracting the coronavirus is accompanied by significant changes to our daily lives. Our movements are restricted in support of efforts to contain and slow down the spread of the virus. We are faced with new realities of working from home, temporary unemployment, home-schooling of children, and lack of physical contact with other family members, friends, and colleagues.

non communicable diseases are on the rise in India

Symptoms of stress

Different symptoms of stress include

Cognitive symptoms such as being pessimistic or seeing only the negative side of things, poor judgment, inability to focus, forgetfulness and disorganization.
Behavioural symptoms of stress like exhibiting more nervous behaviours such as pacing, fidgeting and nail-biting and
Physical symptoms such as an upset stomach, headaches, low energy, aches, pains, tense muscles, rapid heartbeat, and chest pain, frequent colds and infections.

Impact of Stress on Health

High stress levels which may be highly correlated with high blood pressure and low physical activity are important lifestyle risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

As per the recent pan India survey - covering a massive 233672 people and 673 public health offices in 21 states - conducted by Assocham India and TARI (Though Arbitrage Research Institute) on NCDs, 44% of India’s population have a prevalence of risk of high stress which gradually increases with an increase in age.

Also, low physical activity and stress, increasing rapidly among the population due to hectic daily schedules, are the second and fourth most important risk factor for NCDs at 66.50% and 44% respectively.

People suffering from high-stress levels are highly prone to developing heart diseases. As per survey report, the probability of contracting heart ailment is 37% more among people with severe levels of stress in comparison to a person not suffering from any stress. Similarly, people with low physical activity are 8% more likely to suffer from heart diseases.

In modern healthcare, stress is among the most common patient complaints. This has been acknowledged by specialists who claim that emotional or psychological stress may increase the risk of heart disease.

In fact, the negative effects of acute and chronic stress on the cardiovascular system are much more serious than often thought. Recent research and experience show that emotional stress may increase blood pressure and cholesterol. It may constrict arteries, promote arterial inflammation, blood clotting, and increase the risk of heart attack and sudden death.

Stress & Diabetes

Factors increasing your risk of developing diabetes as per the Assocham -Tari survey conducted across India

The report says that individuals who suffer from high stress levels face 9% higher risk of developing diabetes. This is due to an increase in the level of counter-regulatory hormones which opposes the action of insulin and increases the blood sugar with stress.

If the levels of these hormones are persistently elevated, this can precipitate diabetes in a prone individual or worsen the diabetes control in someone who already has the disorder. The likelihood of developing diabetes is found to be even higher at 38% among people with low physical activity as it has a positive association with high body mass index which increases the risk of diabetes significantly.

Stress & Digestive Disorders

Factors increasing your risk of developing digestive disorders as per the Assocham -Tari survey conducted across India

High stress levels also increase the chances of developing digestive disorders by 25%. This is because our brain and gut work in sync which causes our gastrointestinal system to be sensitive to emotions and reactions such as stress. When we are stressed, the brain sends signals for chemicals such as adrenaline, serotonin (a hormone that affects mood and is found in the digestive system) as well as the stress hormone cortisol to be released. These hormones can cause adverse reactions.

Stress negatively affects the digestive system in many other ways too. It can cause a decrease in blood and oxygen flow to the stomach, cramping, an imbalance in gut bacteria, and inflammation. These symptoms can further develop into gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), irritable bowel disease (IBD), peptic ulcers, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Stress & Skin Disorders

High levels of stress increase the vulnerability of a person to skin diseases by 24%. Stress affects the whole body, including hair, nails, and skin. It causes a chemical response in the body that makes the skin more sensitive and reactive.

Stress makes it harder for skin problems to heal. It causes the body to make hormones like cortisol, which tells glands in the skin to make more oil. Oily skin is more prone to acne, a skin condition common among teenagers, and other skin problems.

Low physical activity is found to increase the chances of developing skin diseases significantly by 37%. By increasing blood flow, exercise helps nourish skin cells and keep them vital. In addition to providing oxygen, blood flow also helps carry away waste products, including free radicals, from working cells. Exercise also helps to ease stress and thus improve some conditions like acne and eczema that can be exacerbated by stress.

Stress & Hypertension

Factors increasing your risk of developing hypertension as per the Assocham -Tari survey conducted across India

Low physical activity increases the chances of developing cancer and hypertension most by 40% and 36% respectively.

This is mainly because of the role of exercise in negatively impacting cancer development and progression. Many studies show that physically active women have a lower risk of breast cancer than inactive women. Women who increase their physical activity after menopause have a lower risk of breast cancer than women who do not.

Exercise is a key component of lifestyle therapy for the primary prevention and treatment of hypertension due to its role in immediate significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood. More frequent or chronic exercise results in more sustained reductions in blood pressure.

Conclusion

Stress and low physical activity have become an integral aspect of the modern-day lifestyle in the contemporary age. It is important to make a conscious effort to break free from these and bring in behavioural and attitudinal changes like healthy eating and living habits, positive social interactions, etc. to neutralize the ill-effects of this lifestyle and keep the body healthy.

It has been tough.

Just when we thought we had gotten through the worst of the coronavirus pandemic that had changed the world, we were forced to deal with the reality that what we had survived was but the first wave and in less than a fortnight, the second wave had already engulfed us with a far greater wrath.

Global and India’s own statistics reveal what we always suspected – that the aged and elderly are the most vulnerable to the corona virus, more so when they have pre-existing medical conditions like diabetes and heart disease.

Where I work, the intensive care unit (ICU) beds have been filled for over a month now. It is disheartening to lose even a single patient in these hard times, and we often comfort ourselves at the end of a long shift by remembering those men and women who successfully leave our ICU and eventually our hospital, having survived COVID-19.

The days ahead for those recovering following the infection are crucial and our team makes the extra effort to counsel them before they leave the hospital.

It matters because they need to rebuild their strength, both from within and outside, to avoid further complications in the days ahead.

Helping them recover requires one to make certain that

they have adequate rest at home,
are placed in a positive frame of mind after this harrowing experience,
receive their medication on time and of course,
get a proper balanced diet.

The importance of complete nutrition while you are recovering from COVID-19 India cannot be over-emphasized. Complete and balanced nutrition like Ensure gives them high values of protein, vitamins while also helping improve muscle and bone strength3. They are also a good option for those who may be edentulous and have difficulty in chewing solid foods.

All this holds true even for those who have not been infected to date, of course. Just because your test has become negative does not mean you let your guard down. Remain motivated, take all precautions, maintain social distancing and yes, build a strong immunity for yourselves and your loved ones.

True, these are troubling times but honestly, we are actually better off today than we were a year ago. Our knowledge about the virus has increased manifold and we know what steps to take not just to avoid getting infected but also to boost our immunity as well.

The key from here on will be to ensure we implement these steps devotedly so that both we and everyone around us who matters to us gets through this safe and sound.

In my previous post, I showcased 15 acts of kindness caught on camera. I felt that was a lot... so like any good future politician, I doubled down. Here's 50 more acts of kindness from across the world.

The truth is there are literally thousands more and watching them can be the most uplifting thing you do for yourself at the end of a bad day.

In today's acts of kindness from across the world caught on camera, you will find:

The young boy who braved teasing by his friends for two years to grow and donate his hair for his friend suffering from a genetic condition leaving her bald.
a daughter doing sign language for the entire lyrics as the band played so that her deaf dad could enjoy a rock concert.
A crowd lifting an entire bus to save a cyclist.
Helping the elderly cross a busy street.
Helping a fellow athlete who has collapsed finish the race.
Cafe keeps doors open after night to keep stray dogs safe during the freezing winters.

There's also (take a really deep breath):

the stranger who gives a piggy back ride to the elderly man who is stuck in between busy traffic.
the boyfriend who shaves his head off in solidarity with his girlfriend suffering from cancer.
animal rescues galore.
the simple act of giving an impoverished child a doll and witnessing her joy.
a young man struggling financially himself taking the time out to buy breakfast for the homeless in his neighbourhood.

That's 50 acts in all that you got to witness in just 20 minutes. See how simple most of them were and yet, how amazing it feels to the receiver of the kindness.

Even the simplest act of kindness can have a bigger impact than you will ever know. Never forget that, no matter how dark the world outside appears.

Author's note:

Since 2017, every year, I take up the #BlogchatterA2Z challenge and focus on showcasing lovely real-life heroes from around the world. The aim is to remind you that there is still plenty of good human beings all around you... to inspire you to smile once more.

Want more stories of compassion?

I have Hundreds of 'Heroes of Kindness' to brighten your day here. Earlier editions can be viewed from the links below:

2017 edition (Articles - 40, Heroes - 67)

2018 edition (Articles - 34, Heroes - 52)

2019 edition (Articles - 31, Heroes - 42)

2020 edition (Articles - 30, Heroes - 64)

2021 edition

Indian edition

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